Aikido Terms

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romajikanjimeaning
A    
agura胡座 sitting cross-legged
ai合 harmony
aikidō合氣道 way of harmony with KI
aikijutsu合氣術 techniques with Aiki
aiki taisō合氣体操Aiki gymnastics
ashi 足 foot
ashidori, ashitori 足取り grab foot
ashi sukui 足掬い leg lifter
atemi 当て身 "touch the body"
   
B    
barai, harai 払い sweeper
bokken 木剣, wooden sword
bokkendori 木剣取り take away wooden sword
bokutō 木刀 wooden sword
budō 武道 martial art
bushi 武士 warrior in feudal Japan
   
C    
chōyaku 跳躍 jump
chūdan 中段 medium position, medium stance
chūden 中伝 medium level
chūkyū 中級 medium rank
   
D    
dan 段 rank
deshi 弟子 disciple
dō 道 way, method
dō 胴 trunk
dōgi道着training clothes in Budō
dōjō道場practising place for Dō
dori, tori取りgrab
dōshū道守keeper of the way
dōshū道主master, head of the way
dōsa動作movement
dōuchi胴打ちstrike to the trunk
   
E  
en円circle
en undō円 運動circular movement
     
F  
funa, fune船boat
funakogi船漕ぎrow a boat
funakogi undō船漕運動rowing exercise
futari, ninin二人two persons
futari gake二人掛two persons' attack
     
G  
gake, kake掛attack
gedan下段low posture
geri, keri蹴りkick
go五5
godan五段5th dan blackbelt
gokyō五教5th teaching
gonin五人5 persons
goningake五人掛5 persons' attack
go no sen後の先react after attack
gyaku逆unusual, unnatural
gyakute逆手unusual hand
gyakutemochi逆手持ちholding in unusual way
   
H  
ha派group, fraction
hachi八8
hachidan八段8th dan blackbelt
hachinoji八の字the sign 8
hagaijime, hagaishime羽交い締めhold elbows from behind
hajime始めStart!
hakama袴formal japanese skirt
han半half
hanmi半身"half body" basic posture
handachi半立ちhalf standing
hanshi範士Budo: master
hantai反対opposite way
happō八方8 directions
happōgiri 八方切りcutting in 8 directions
hara腹belly, centre of body
harai, barai払いstrike, sweep
hidari左left
hiji肘elbow
hitori独りsingle, 1 person
hitoriwaza独り技single exercise
hiza膝knee
     
I  
ichi一1
ichi go ichi e一期一会unique occasion once in life
ichinotachi一の太刀one strike
ikkyō一教1st teaching
irimi入身enter
   
J  
ji字letter, character, sign
jō杖stick, baton
jōdan上段upper posture
jōden上伝upper level
jōhō上 方upper direction
jōkyū上級upper grade
jōdori, jōtori杖取りtake stick away
jū十10
jūji十字like a cross
     
K  
kaeshi返しcounter
kahō下方lower direction
kaiten回転rotation, turn
kaitennage回転投げrotation throw
kakudai拡大enlargement
kamae構えbasic posture
kankyūjizai緩急自在acting freely
kata肩shoulder
kata型form
katadori肩取りgrab the shoulder
katame waza固め技immobilization technique
katameru固めるimmobilize
katana刀japanese sword
katate片手one hand
katatedori, katatetori片手取りgrab one hand/wrist
katatekosadori片手交叉取りgrab one hand/wrist cross way
keiko稽古training, studying traditional forms
keikogi稽古着training clothes
ken剣sword
kengi剣技sword technique
kenkō健 康health
kenkōdō健康道way of health
kenkōtaisō健康体操gymnastics for health
kenkyūkai研究会research group
keri蹴りkick
kesa袈裟across the chest
kesagake袈裟懸けslashed diagonally from the shoulder
kesagiri袈裟切りcut across the chest
ki気, 氣something not yet clear; "universal energy"
kiai気合いpenetrating scream
kiatsu気圧press with KI; tech: air/gas pressure
kibarai氣祓purifying with KI
kimusubi no gyō気結びの行exercise for harmonizing
kiribarai切り払いcutting with a sweeping motion
kirigaeshi, kirikaeshi切り返しcounter cu
kōhai後輩beginner, Junior Aikidoka
kōhō後方to the back
kōhōtsuki後方突きthrusting backwards
kokoro心heart, mind
kokyū呼吸breath, timing
kokyūhō呼吸法breathing method
kokyūnage呼吸投げthrowing with correct rhythm
kōsa交叉across
kōsadori交叉取りgrapping in cross way
koshi腰hip
kōshinwaza後進技going backward technique
kote小手forearm
kotegaeshi小手返send back forearm
koteoroshi小手下ろしlead down forearm
kotodama言霊"soul of word", power of words
kubi首neck
kubijime, kubishime首締めneck choke
kubikiri首切りneck cut
kumi組みcouple
kumijō組杖practising Jō with partner
kumitachi組太刀practising sword with partner
kumiwaza組み技techniques with one partner
kyū九9
kyū級rank for beginners
kyūdan九段9th dan black belt
     
M  
ma間distance
maai間合いcorrect distance in space and time
mae前in front
mae ukemi前受け身falling/rolling forward
maegeri前蹴りfront kick
makikaeshi巻き返しwrapping counter
makoto誠sincerity
maru丸circle
mawashigeri回し蹴lateral swinging kick
men面face
menuchi面打ちstrike to the head
michibiki導きleading
migi右right
misogi禊ぎpurification ritual
mochi持ちhold
muna, mune胸chest
munatsuki胸突きthrust to the chest
   
N  
nagare流れstream, flow
nage投げthrow, fall, also: thrower
nage waza投げ技throwing techniques
nana, shichi七7
nanadan七段7th dan black belt
ni二2
nidan二段2nd dan black belt
nikyō二教2nd teaching
nodo咽throat
   
O  
ojigiお辞儀bow
obi帯belt, sash
okuden奥伝völliges Verstehen
omote表front side
omoto-kyō大本教"Doctrine of the Great Origin", Ōmoto-religion
osame納めfinish, end
oroshi下ろしbringing down
otoshi落としletting fall
   
R  
randori乱取りattacking freely
rei礼greeting, bow
renshū練習repeating the exercises
renzoku連続continuity
rokkyō六教6th teaching (hiji osae)
roku六6
rokudan六段6th dan black belt
ryō両both
ryōkatadori両肩取りgrabbing both shoulders
ryōte両手both hands
ryōtedori両手取りgrabbing with both hands
ryōtemochi両手持ちholding with both hands
ryū流school, style
     
S  
sakate逆手reverse hand
sakatemochi逆手持ちreverse hand grip
san三3
sandan三段3rd dan black belt
sankaku三角triangle
sankyō三教3rd teaching
sannin三人3 persons
sanningake三人掛3 persons' attack
sayū左右left and right
seika no itten臍下の一点the "One Point" in the lower abdomen
seiretsu斉列in a line
seitai整体correct body form
seitaihō整体methode for correct body form
seiza正坐sitting Japanese style on knees/heels
seiza静坐sitting calmly
sempai先輩advanced, Senior Aikidoka
senaka背中back of body
sen no sen先の先reaction before the attack
sen sen no sen先先の先before the reaction before the attack
sensei先生teacher
shi, yon四4
shichi, nana七7
shihan師範teacher to follow
shihō四方4 directions
shihōnage四方投げfour directions throw
shikkō膝行walking on one's knees
shin心heart, mind
shin身body
shinken真剣real sword
shinken心剣sword of mind
shinshin心身mind and body
shinshintōitsu心身統 一unification of mind and body
shizentai自然体natural posture
sho初first, new, beginner
shodan初段1rst dan black belt
shoden初伝first understanding
shokyū初級first rank
shōmen正面front side
shōmenuchi正面打ちstrike to the front side
shoshin初心unexperienced, beginner's mind
shūdō修道studying the way
shugyō修行ascetic training
sokumen側面lateral
sokushin息心mind breathing
sokushin no gyō息心の業breathing exercise with sound of bells
sōtai操体moving another's body
sōtaihō操体法method of stimulating the health by body-exercises
soto外outside
sudōri素通りpassing, letting pass
suikomi吸ひ込みinhale
sukui掬い、すくいscooping, spooning
sumiotoshi隅落としcorner throw
suwari座りsitting
suwariwaza座り技techniques while sitting
   
T  
tachi太刀long sword
tachi waza立ち技techniques while standing
tachidori太刀取りtaking sword away
taigi体技set of techniques (Tohei)
taijutsu体術body techniques (= unarmed)
taisō体操gymnastics
takemusu武産creative Budo
tantō短刀dagger, knife
tantōdori短刀取りtaking knife away
tatami畳tatami mats
te手hand
teate手当てtreatment, put hand for care
teatehō手当法stimulating health by applying hands
tegatana手刀sword hand form (unarmed)
tekubi手首wrist
tekubidori手首取りgrabbing wrist
tekubikosa手首交叉cross wrists
tekubi osae手首押さえpush wrist down (= Yonkyō)
tekubishindō手首振動shaking one's hands, vibrate hands
tenbin天秤beam balance for scaling weights
tenbinnage天秤投げbeam balance throw
tenchi天地heaven and earth
tenchinage天地投げheaven and earth throw
tenkan転換turn, conversion
tenshin転体turning body
tobikomu飛び込むjump in
tōitsu統一unification
tōitsudō統一道way of unification
tori, dori取りgrab, also: who executes the technique
tsugi ashi次足step where second foot follows
tsuki, tzuki突きthrust
tsukikaeshi突き返しcounter thrust
tsuzukiwaza続き技group of concecutive techniques (Yoshigasaki)
   
U  
uchi打ちstrike
uchi内inside
uchi, ie家house
uchideshi内弟子disciple inside the house of the master
uchiwa団扇fan
uchiwanage団扇投げfan throw
uchū宇宙universe, cosmos
ude腕arm, forearm
udefuri腕振りshaking arms
udemawashi腕回しswinging arms
ude mawashi腕廻しtwisting arm (= Nikyō)
ude nobashi腕延ばしpulling arm (= Gokyō)
ude osae腕押さえpushing arm down (= Ikkyō)
ue上up, over
uke受けreceive, here: attacker
ukemi受身Budo: falling/rolling technique
undō運動movement; sport: exercise
ura裏behing, back side
uragaeshi裏返しcounter to the back side
ushiro後ろbehind, from behind
ushirodori後ろ取り,後捕 grabbing from behind
ushirokatadori後ろ肩取りgrabbing shoulders from behind
ushirokatatedori後ろ片手取りgrabbing one hand/wrist from behind
ushirotekubidori後ろ手首取りgrabbing wrist from behind
   
W  
wa和harmony, peace
wakai若いyoung
waka sensei若先生the young master (=successor)
waza技technique, exercise
   
Y  
yame止めStop! Finish!
yameru止めるfinish
yoko横lateral
yokobarai横払いlateral slash
yokogeri横蹴りlateral kick
yokomen横面lateral side of face
yokomenuchi横面打ちstrike to the lateral side of face
yon, shi四4
yondan四段4th dan black belt
yonkyō四教4th teaching
yubi指finger, toe
yūdansha有段者person with black belt
   
Z  
zagi座技techniques while sitting
zanshin残心state of total perception
zengo前後forth and back
zenpō, zempō前方forwards
zempōnage前方投げforward throw
zenshin前進forward movement
zenshin kōshin前進 後進movement forward and backward
zenshinundō前進運動exercise moving forward and then backward
zenshinwaza前進技technique moving forward